重復的模具

稱為「雙重模具」的錢幣錯誤是模具生產階段中的一種錯誤,具體來說是在從母模到用於印鈔機的模具的圖像轉移期間出現了錯位。模具是使用壓力數百噸的液壓機將母模與初次使用的模具壓縮而成的。由於模具所使用的鋼的硬度,後續的壓縮無法完全消除先前的壓縮。因此,如果母模和模具在後續的壓縮中未對齊,模具上的圖像將顯示出先前壓縮的跡象,形成所謂的「雙重效應」。
這種雙重效應有兩種方式,分別影響整個模具的面部或僅影響一個區域,通常位於模具的中心。根據錯位的類型,有八種可辨識的雙重模具錯誤類型。
第一類是旋轉雙重,當母模在後續的壓縮中沿其軸旋轉時,會在模具和從該模具壓鑄的硬幣上創建兩個分裂圖像。最強烈的印記是在第二次壓縮期間形成的,旋轉點通常位於中心。
第二類是扭曲雙重,當其中一次壓縮中使用了扭曲的打印機時,就會出現扭曲的圖像,並會朝向模具的中心或邊緣稍微拉伸。
第三類是不同印記的雙重,當在其中一次壓縮中使用了一個略有不同或位置不同的母模時,就會出現不同的印記。
第四類是錯位雙重,當母模在後續的壓縮中沿任何方向錯位時,就會出現錯位的圖像。
第五類是帶針的雙重,當母模沿著模具面上的某一點旋轉或移動時,就會出現雙重效應,從作為支點的點開始打開,導致在針的對面點具有最大寬度。
In addition to the five major classes of doubled die errors, there are also three minor classes. These minor classes are characterized by variations in the doubling effect that are less pronounced or less common.
Class VI – Distended doubling: This class occurs when the hub is compressed too strongly against the die, causing the metal to be pushed outward and creating a slightly distended image. This type of doubling is usually less pronounced and less common than the other classes.
Class VII – Pivoted doubling: This class occurs when the hub is rotated or moved on a point that is not located on the face of the die. In this case, the doubling effect will be more pronounced in the area opposite the pivot point.
Class VIII – Design rim doubling: This class occurs when the doubling effect is limited to the rim of the coin and does not affect the design elements. This type of doubling is generally less noticeable and less valuable than the other classes of doubled die errors.